Biography of Babur, Founder of the Mughal Empire

                                Biography of Babur, Founder of the Mughal Empire

Babur Founder of Mughal empire

Babur, the founding father of the most important dynasty of India, has seen - the Mughals were born on 14 feb ,Valentine Day , 1483. Considered together of the Mughal emperors, Babur succeeded in regaining dynastic status in Delhi as a series of sultanates did not consolidate their seats and their empire continued to rule India for 300 years. He died in 1530 on 26 December. He was 48

Early Life

Zahir-ud-din Muhammad, nicknamed "Babur" or "Lion", was born on February 14, 1483, to the Timid royal family of Uzbekistan. His father's name was Omar Sheikh Mirza Fergana's Emir; His mother's name was Kutlak Nigar Khanam, the daughter of Moguli King Yunus Khan.

By the time of Babur's birth, the remaining Mongol descendants in western Central Asia had intermarried with Turks and Persians and assimilated into local culture. They were strongly influenced by Persia (using Persian as their official court language), and they converted to Islam. Most supported the mystic Sufism-influenced style of Sunni Islam.

Expulsion in Afghanistan

For three years, the homeless prince wandered Central Asia, trying to attract followers to help him regain his father's throne. Finally, in 1504, he and his small army marched south-east, marching over the snow-covered Hindu Kush Mountains in Afghanistan. Babur, now 21 years old, besieged and conquered Kabul, establishing a base for his new kingdom.

Ever optimistic, Babur would have allied himself with the rulers of Herat and Persia and tried to recapture Fargana from 1510 to 1511. Once again, the Uzbeks completely defeated the Mughal army, and sent them back to Afghanistan. The trembling Babar once again looked towards the south.

First Battle of the Panipat

Five years after his initial invitation to the subcontinent, Babur launched an all-out attack on the Delhi Sultanate and Ibrahim Lodi in April 1526. In the plains of Punjab, Babur's army of 24,500 - mostly cavalry - rode against Sultan Ibrahim, who had 100,000 men and 10,000 war elephants. Although Babur was very pretentious, he had something that Lodi did not have.



The battle that followed, now known as the First Battle of Panipat, marked the fall of the Delhi Sultanate. With superior tactics and firepower, Babur crushed Lodi's army, killing the Sultan and 20,000 of his men. The fall of Lodi signaled the beginning of the Mughal Empire (also known as the Timurid Empire) in India.

War with Rajput

Babur had defeated his fellow Muslims in the Delhi Sultanate (and was, of course, happiest to accept his rule), but the predominantly Hindu Rajput princes were not so easily conquered. Unlike his ancestor Timur, Babur was devoted to the idea of ​​building a permanent empire in India - he was no mere ruler. He decided to make Agra his capital. However, the Rajputs made a fervent defense against this new Muslim and would be the suzerain from the north.

Knowing that the Mughal army was weakened in the Battle of Panipat, the princes of Rajputana collected an even larger army than Lodi and went to battle behind the Rana Sangam of Mewar. In the Battle of Khanwa in March 1527, Babur's army succeeded in dealing with heavy defeats to the Rajputs. However, the Rajputs were not insulted, and fighting and skirmishes continued in the northern and eastern parts of Babur's empire for the next several years.

    Map of Conquests of Babur

sitemap of Babur 

Bâbur and the religion

Babur came from a Persian Turkish family. Their religion was Islam, a 900-year-old religion that spread throughout the Arab-Persian Peninsula (in the east) and North Africa (in the west). However, in Babur's home region of Fargana, religion was not as important as prevalent in other states. Babur was a tolerant emperor, and accepted without any problem that the people living in his areas were not Muslims. He was the pioneer of broad vision. His descendants would follow his example and was one of the reasons for the success of this empire compared to others. It is interesting to note that it was precisely when one of the emperors implemented a stricter vision of Islam that the empire began to collapse.

For example, during Babur's rule, the Sikhs were able to preserve their temples, which had been destroyed a century earlier by their ancestor Tamerlane.

Death

In the autumn of 1530, Babur fell ill. His brother-in-law, along with some people from the Mughal court, appointed nobles to seize the throne after Babur's death, and Humayun, bypassing Babur's eldest son, appointed an heir. Humayun hurried to defend his claim to the throne in Agra but soon fell ill himself. According to legend, Babur called upon God to end Humayun's life, giving him his own in return.

On 26 December 1530, Babur died at the age of 47 ,  22-year-old Humayun inherited a rare empire surrounded by internal and external enemies. Like his father, Humayun would lose power and be forced to return to India and claim his own, to remain in exile. By the end of his life, he consolidated and expanded the empire, which would reach its heights under his son Akbar the Great.

Legacy

Babur lived a difficult life, always battling to make room for himself. However, in the end, he sowed the seeds for one of the world's great empires. Babur was a devotee of poetry and gardens, and his descendants collected all kinds of arts for his devotees during his long reign. The Mughal Empire lasted until 1868, at which point it eventually fell to the colonial British Raj.